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BEE STING SWELLING AFTER 24 HOURS SKIN
BEE STING SWELLING AFTER 24 HOURS PROFESSIONAL

High risk factors including beekeepers, patients with clonal mast cell disorders.

BEE STING SWELLING AFTER 24 HOURS SKIN

Adults with systemic reactions including those limited to the skin.Children with systemic sting reactions not limited to the skin.Venom immunotherapy can be recommended for: Insect venoms are commercially available for honey bee, paper wasp, and yellow jacket European wasp.Ī Cochrane review reported venom immunotherapy significantly reduces the risk of systemic and large local reactions, and is likely to reduce the risk of anaphylaxis, improving quality of life. Protection usually lasts 1–3 years after discontinuation.

Gradually increasing doses of insect venom are injected subcutaneously to induce immunological tolerance every few weeks for 3–5 years continue lifelong in clonal mast cell disorders with history of severe reaction or very severe anaphylaxis reactions. In the Americas where the Africanised bee has become endemic, any individual who has had more than 50 stings (‘massive stinging’) should be observed for anaphylaxis and toxic envenomation. Those who are at risk of anaphylaxis should be supplied with an EpiPen and counselled, along with their close relatives, responsible adults, or carers, about how and when to use it.In hospital, Advanced Life Support (ALS) protocols should be followed.Adrenaline (eg, EpiPen®) should be administered if available for anyone with signs of shock, breathing difficulty, or airway swelling.If a bee or wasp sting causes a severe reaction or anaphylaxis, urgent medical attention should be sought. Large localised reaction with severe swelling may require oral steroids.Topical steroid cream or calamine lotion may be applied several times a day until symptoms subside.Apply cold compress to reduce pain and swelling.Clean the site with water or disinfectant.This is preferred to using tweezers or fingers, which can accidentally squeeze more venom into the patient. Apply constant firm pressure and scrape across the skin surface to remove the stinger.Place a firm edge such a knife or credit card against the skin next to the embedded stinger.If the reaction is mild, bee stings should be treated by first removing the stinger:

BEE STING SWELLING AFTER 24 HOURS PROFESSIONAL

If a wasp nest or bee swarm is found near the home, employ a professional to remove it.

Avoid situations where bee and wasp stings may occur.

What is the treatment for bee and wasp stings? Prevention What is the differential diagnosis for bee and wasp stings?

Baseline serum tryptase: to identify an unrecognised mast cell disorder which predisposes to severe sting reactions.

Basophil activation test: useful if the skin test is negative but the sIgE is positive.

Serology: serum IgE testing for antibodies against specific insect venoms.

Allergy skin testing: skin prick testing and intradermal testing using purified venom at least two weeks after a sting reaction.

How is bee and wasp sting allergy diagnosed?īoth skin testing and serologic tests should be performed on patients with a history of a systemic reaction to a bee or wasp sting, and considered for those with large local reactions. The severity of the reaction depends on the age and size of the victim, the number of stings, previous sensitisation, and co-morbidities such as atopy, mastocytosis, and immune status. Wasps can sting multiple times as they do not leave their stinger behind in the skin. Hyaluronidase is a potent allergen and is responsible for the rapid distribution of the venom in tissues. Melittin is the most toxic compound in bee venom, causing most of the pain but only minor allergic reactions. At least 90% of the venom is delivered in the first 20 seconds. An individual bee therefore can only sting once and dies within a day or two. Barbs on the lancets make it impossible for the bee to retract its stinger, leaving the stinger embedded in the wound after the bee escapes.

The bee stinger consists of muscles, piercing stylet and lancets, and the venom sac, glands, and bulb. In Europe, the prevalence of systemic reactions to bee and wasp stings in the adult population is 0.3–8.9%, higher in beekeepers, lower in children, and are a major cause of anaphylaxis accounting for nearly 50% of adult cases and 20% in children. Beekeepers are particularly susceptible, typically receiving many stings over their working lifetime. Initial symptoms may quickly turn to more severe problems.Bee and wasp stings mostly occur outdoors, usually around the home. Symptoms may begin in seconds or minutes, or a delayed response may occur. These chemicals set off a chain reaction of symptoms. Your body releases a lot of chemicals that are intended to combat the allergen. Symptoms of an allergic reaction Early symptomsĪn anaphylactic response begins quickly after you come into contact with an allergen.